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Energy-efficient Video Streaming System with TCP/UDP over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Yunmin Go, Hyunmin Noh, Jeung Won Choi, Kyungwoo Kim, Kihun Kim, Jongman Lee, Hyun Park, Hwangjun Song
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2020.47.11.1092
In this paper, we propose a video streaming system with TCP/UDP over heterogeneous wireless networks. Unlike the existing HTTP adaptive streaming system, the proposed system can use both TCP and UDP to overcome the TCP"s performance degradation problem and improve energy efficiency. The proposed system determines the type of transport protocol, the video quality, and the amount of data received through each wireless network according to the network conditions, buffer occupancy, and energy efficiency of the mobile device. When UDP is selected as the transport protocol, the proposed system employs raptor code to provide more reliable data transmission. And raptor parameters, such as symbol size, the amount of redundant data, are also determined to provide energy-efficient transmission. The proposed system is implemented in an android device and verified in real WiFi and LTE networks. Also, it is verified that the proposed system can provide high energy-efficient and high-quality streaming services.
QoE-aware Quality Adaptation Scheme Based on Bandwidth Utilization for VBR Video Streaming
Jeongho Kang, Minsu Kim, Kwangsue Chung
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2020.47.6.612
In recent years, as the demand for video streaming has increased due to the development of the network, HTTP adaptive streaming has attracted increased attention. HTTP adaptive streaming can guarantee QoE (Quality of Experience) because it adaptively determines the quality to provide based on network conditions. However, existing quality adaptation techniques do not consider VBR (Variable Bit Rate) characteristics when streaming video, which causes problems such as interruption of playback and degradation of average quality. In this paper, we propose a QoE-aware quality adaptation method based on bandwidth utilization for VBR video streaming. The proposed scheme determines the quality to provide using the actual size of the video segment, the quality of information requested in the past, and the buffer occupancy. As a result of the experiment, we confirmed that the proposed scheme improves QoE thanks to fewer quality changes, higher average quality and without generating playback interruptions when compared with existing schemes.
Multipath-based Bandwidth Estimation Scheme for Improving Network Stability and Responsiveness of HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Wireless Environments
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2019.46.10.1069
As demand for high-quality video streaming services increases, researches on Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming based on multipath transmission have experienced a continual rise. In the wireless environment, multipath-based streaming cannot be accurately estimated according to transmission scheme and bandwidth estimation scheme. In this paper, we propose a multipath-based HTTP adaptive streaming and available bandwidth estimation scheme to improve stability and responsiveness in wireless environments. Multipath-based HTTP adaptive streaming is a block-based scheduling scheme for improving the performance of HTTP adaptive streaming. The scheme dynamically adjusts the request period based on the buffer state in order to improve the responsiveness to the rapid change in the network. The available bandwidth estimation scheme enhances stability by using the block and segment based available bandwidth measurement to predict frequent and sudden changes of bandwidth in a wireless environment.
Quality Adaptation Scheme Based on Stability to Improve QoE of HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Wireless Networks
Minsu Kim, Heekwang Kim, Kwangsue Chung
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2019.46.3.268
With the recent development of networks, the demand for video streaming has also been increasing, and more attention has been focused on HTTP adaptive streaming. HTTP adaptive streaming can guarantee QoE (Quality of Experience) because the client is provided with the options of selecting the quality adaptively according to the network state. However, in wireless networks, bandwidth is inaccurately measured due to high delay and packet loss. The existing quality adaptation schemes degrade the QoE because these schemes select quality using the measured bandwidth. In this paper, a quality adaptation scheme based on stability is proposed to improve QoE of HTTP adaptive streaming. The proposed scheme calculates the buffer underflow probability and the instability using the changes in the video quality and buffer and selects the quality according to the defined quality adaptation region. Experimental results established that the proposed scheme improves QoE as compared to the existing schemes by high average video quality and fewer quality changes.
Quality Adaptation Scheme based on VBR Content Characteristics to Improve QoE of UHD Streaming Service
Minsu Kim, Heekwang Kim, Kwangsue Chung
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2018.45.8.856
With the development of networks and the spread of smart devices, the demand for UHD (Ultra High Definition) video is increasing, and HTTP Adaptive Streaming is attracting attention. The existing quality adaptation scheme has a problem, in that quality of experience (QoE) degrades because of bandwidth measurement that does not take into consideration VBR (Variable Bit Rate) content characteristics and quality selection using only measured bandwidth or buffer occupancy. In this paper, we propose a quality adaptation scheme based on VBR content characteristics to improve the QoE of UHD streaming service. The proposed scheme measures the bandwidth by considering the VBR content characteristics. The requested quality is selected based on the quality adaptation interval reflecting the change in the buffer occupancy, thereby increasing the average quality and minimizing unnecessary quality change. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves QoE with higher average quality and less quality change than do existing schemes.
Video Quality Maintenance Scheme for Improve QoE of HTTP Adaptive Streaming Service
Yunho Kim, Heekwang Kim, Kwangsue Chung
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2018.45.2.187
Recently, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming service is attracting attention. The existing quality adaptive scheme of HTTP adaptive streaming service adjusts the video quality according to the network bandwidth or the client buffer size. However, the problem with the existing quality adaptive scheme is the QoE (Quality of Experience) degradation caused by the unnecessary quality change that occurs due to frequent bandwidth change or fixed buffer threshold. We propose a video quality maintenance scheme that improves average video quality and minimizes unnecessary quality change in order to improve the QoE of HTTP adaptive streaming service in the changing network environment. The proposed scheme maintains high quality for a long time by setting the quality maintenance duration to be long when buffer occupancy and video quality are high. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves QoE by improving the average video quality and minimizing the quality change.
An HTTP Adaptive Streaming Scheme to Improve the QoE in a High Latency Network
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2018.45.2.175
Recently, HAS (HTTP Adaptive Streaming) has been the subject of much attention to improve the QoE (Quality of Experience). In a high latency network, HAS degrades the QoE due to the lost RTT cycle since it replies with a response of one segment to the request of one segment. The server-push based HAS schemes of downloading multiple segments in one request cause QoE degradation due to the buffer underflow. In this paper, we propose a VSSDS (Video Streaming Scheme based on Dynamic Server-push) scheme to improve the QoE in a high latency network. The proposed scheme adjust video quality by estimating available bandwidth and determine the number of segments to be downloaded for each segment request cycle. Through the simulation, the proposed scheme not only improves the average video bitrate but also alleviates the buffer underflow.
Video Quality Control Scheme for Efficient Bandwidth Utilization of HTTP Adaptive Streaming in a Multiple-Clients Environment
Minsu Kim, Heekwang Kim, Kwangsue Chung
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2018.45.1.86
When multiple clients share bandwidth and receive a streaming service, HTTP Adaptive Streaming has a problem in that the bandwidth is measured inaccurately due to the ON-OFF pattern of the segment request. To solve the problem caused by the ON-OFF pattern, the proposed PANDA (Probe AND Adapt) determines the quality of the segment to be requested while increasing the target bandwidth. However, since the target bandwidth is increased by a fixed amount, there is a problem in low bandwidth utilization and a slow response to changes in bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a video quality control scheme that improves the low bandwidth utilization and slow responsiveness of PANDA. The proposed scheme adjusts the amount of increase in the target bandwidth according to the bandwidth utilization after judging the bandwidth utilization by comparing the segment download time and the request interval. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can fully utilize the bandwidth and can quickly respond to changes in bandwidth.
Jitter-based Rate Control Scheme for Seamless HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Wireless Networks
Yunho Kim, Jiwoo Park, Kwangsue Chung
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2017.44.6.628
HTTP adaptive streaming is a technique that improves the quality of experience by storing various quality videos on the server and requesting files of the appropriate quality based on network bandwidth. However, it is difficult to measure the actual bandwidth in wireless networks with frequent bandwidth changes and high loss rate. Frequent quality changes and playback interruptions due to bandwidth measurement errors degrade the quality of experience. We propose a technique to estimate the available bandwidth by measuring the jitter, which is the derivation of delay, on a packet basis and assigning a weight according to jitter. The proposed scheme reduces the number of quality changes and mitigates the buffer underflow by reflecting less bandwidth change when high jitter occurs due to rapid bandwidth change. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves the quality of experience by mitigating buffer underflow and reducing the number of quality changes in wireless networks.
A Seamless Adaptive Streaming Scheme for Interactive Multimedia Service in HTTP Adaptive Streaming
Because of the explosive growth of mobile devices and development of network technologies, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) adaptive streaming has become a new trend in video delivery to provide efficient multimedia streaming services. As interest in personalized broadcasting grows, the study of interactive multimedia has been actively pursued. The interactive multimedia service is a method of playing media according to a scenario selected by the user. Providing the interactive multimedia service with the existing HTTP adaptive streaming causes switching delay and buffer underflow according to the point in time when the user selects the scenario while the client streams the interactive multimedia and therefore decreases the user QoE (Quality of Experience). In this paper, we propose an adaptive streaming scheme for interactive multimedia service in HTTP adaptive streaming to provide seamless playback. We design the architecture and prefetching scheme for interactive multimedia streaming.
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