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A Survey of Movement Symptom and Quantification Method in Parkinson’s Disease
Daeun Gwon, Yoseop Kim, Sangjun Kim, Myeonghu Song, Minkyu Ahn
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2019.46.4.308
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes abnormal motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness, and postural instability. The number of patients with PD is increasing worldwide. Therefore, it is of great importance to delay the progression of PD through early diagnosis and treatment or to provide appropriate treatment and continuous assistance to PD patients through regular examination to determine changes in their symptoms and the rate of disease progression. In this paper, we investigated motor disease symptoms (tremor, stiffness and bradykinesia) caused by PD and methods that quantified it by engineering. In addition, 67 papers (24 in Korea and 43 abroad) directly related to quantification methods of Parkinsonian motor symptoms were investigated through domestic and international searches of published research papers. As a result of the search, it was confirmed that acceleration / angular velocity (46%) and electromyography (22.7%) were most widely used both in domestic and international research for quantification of movement disorders (tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia) and UPDRS (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) was the most widely used scale (78%, N = 55) to compare and confirm results of such methods.
Design and Implementation of a Linux-based Message Processor to Minimize the Response-time Delay of Non-real-time Messages in Multi-core Environments
Sangho Wang, Younghun Park, Sungyong Park, Seungchun Kim, Cheolhoe Kim, Sangjun Kim, Cheol Jin
A message processor is server software that receives non-realtime messages as well as realtime messages from clients that need to be processed within a deadline. With the recent advances of micro-processor technologies and Linux, the message processor is often implemented in Linux-based multi-core servers and it is important to use cores efficiently to maximize the performance of system in multi-core environments. Numerous research efforts on a real-time scheduler for the efficient utilization of the multi-core environments have been conducted. Typically, though, they have been conducted theoretically or via simulation, making a subsequent real-system application difficult. Moreover, many Linux-based real-time schedulers can only be used in a specific Linux version, or the Linux source code needs to be modified. This paper presents the design of a Linux-based message processor for multi-core environments that maps the threads to the cores at user level. The message processor is implemented through a modification of the traditional RM algorithm that consolidates the real-time messages into certain cores using a first-fit-based bin-packing algorithm; this minimizes the response-time delay of the non-real-time messages, while guaranteeing the violation rate of the real-time messages. To compare the performances, the message processor was implemented using the two multi-core-scheduling algorithms GSN-EDF and P-FP, which are provided by the LITMUS framework. The benchmarking results show that the response-time delay of non-real-time messages in the proposed system was improved up to a maximum of 17% to 18%.
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