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Survey of EEG Neurofeedback methods for Attention Improvement
Hyunji Kim, Daeun Gwon, Kyungho Won, Sung Chan Jun, Minkyu Ahn
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2021.48.10.1105
Neurofeedback is a method through which a user self-regulates the brain state using the feedback of his/her own brain signal. This can be used to restore or improve brain functions. In this study, we reviewed 108 articles on electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback for attention improvement and surveyed the important parameters. As a result, we found that most studies were conducted with patient subjects and mostly brain signals were recorded from central areas on the scalp by using wet and wire EEG systems. Sensory-motor-rhythm or the ratio between theta and low beta rhythms were used as attention index, and this information was provided to users through auditory or visual stimuli. In addition, Continuous Performance Test or Go/NoGo test was employed for behavior evaluation. Based on these results, we suggest the following directions for the further advancement of the practical neurofeedback system; the future work should target non-patient subjects and utilize wireless/dry EEG devices and virtual/augmented reality for increasing user convenience and building more immersive application. Lastly, a standard or guide for developing usable neurofeedback applications should be established.
OpenViBE2Unity: Open Source API for Brain-Computer Interface and Unity3D Application
Sooyong Kim, Seongjoon Jeong, Eunmin Lee, Sunghan Lee, Sung Chan Jun, Minkyu Ahn
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2019.46.11.1157
Brain-computer interface, which can quantify a person’s intention, cognition, and feelings, is an active research field. However, building a system that performs well is not a simple task, as it requires data acquisition, real-time processing, and multimodal feedback, and often necessitates considerable cost in time and effort, particularly for untrained users and researchers. Thus, it is important to have an interface that is designed well and works with open platforms, such as Unity3D and OpenViBE that are used widely in BCI development and application. With this goal, we developed OpenViBE2Unity (O2U), an Application Programming Interface that can be used easily for the development of BCI applications. This open API (available through Github) provides special functions that facilitate communication between two popular platforms, OpenViBE and Unity3D. In this paper, we introduce O2U’s architecture and a step-by-step procedure for its application. Finally, we demonstrate one exemplary application developed under O2U.
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