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Cardiovascular Disease Prediction using Single-Lead ECG Data
Chaeyoon Park, Gihun Joo, Suhwan Ji, Junbeom Park, Junho Baek, Hyeonseung Im
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2024.51.10.928
The most representative approach to diagnosing cardiovascular disease is to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG), and most ECG data measured in hospitals consist of 12 leads. However, wearable healthcare devices usually measure only single-lead ECG, which has limitations in diagnosing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this paper, we conducted a study to predict common cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF), left bundle branch block (LBBB), and right bundle branch block (RBBB) using a single lead that could be measured with a wearable healthcare device. For experiments, we used a convolutional neural network model and measured its performance using various leads in terms of AUC and F1-score. For AF, LBBB, and RBBB, average AUC values were 0.966, 0.971, and 0.965, respectively, and average F1-scores were 0.867, 0.816, and 0.848, respectively. These experimental results confirm the possibility of diagnosing cardiovascular disease using only a single lead ECG that can be obtained with wearable healthcare devices.
A Survey of Advantages of Self-Supervised Learning Models in Visual Recognition Tasks
Euihyun Yoon, Hyunjong Lee, Donggeon Kim, Joochan Park, Jinkyu Kim, Jaekoo Lee
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2024.51.7.609
Recently, the field of teacher-based artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly advancing. However, teacher-based learning relies on datasets with specified correct answers, which can increase the cost of obtaining these correct answers. To address this issue, self-supervised learning, which can learn general features of photos without needing correct answers, is being researched. In this paper, various self-supervised learning models were classified based on their learning methods and backbone networks. Their strengths, weaknesses, and performances were then compared and analyzed. Photo classification tasks were used for performance comparison. For comparing the performance of transfer learning, detailed prediction tasks were also compared and analyzed. As a result, models that only used positive pairs achieved higher performance by minimizing noise than models that used both positive and negative pairs. Furthermore, for fine-grained predictions, methods such as masking images for learning or utilizing multi-stage models achieved higher performance by additionally learning regional information.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Generating Time-series Fire Data in Underground Utility Tunnel based on Convolutional Attention TimeGAN
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2024.51.6.490
Underground utility tunnels (UUTs) play a crucial role in urban operation and management. Fires are the most common disasters in the facilities, and there is a growing demand for fire management systems using artificial intelligence (AI). However, due to the difficulty of collecting fire data for AI training, utilizing data generation models reflecting the key characteristics of real fires can be an alternative. In this paper, we propose an approach for generating AI training data based on the fire data generation model CA-TimeGAN. To collect fire simulation data for training the proposed model, we constructed a UUT in Chungbuk Ochang within the fire dynamic simulator (FDS) virtual environment. In the experiments, we compared data generated by TimeGAN and CA-TimeGAN, verifying the data quality and effectiveness. Discriminative score converged to 0.5 for both CA-TimeGAN and TimeGAN. Predictive scores improved by 66.1% compared to models trained only on simulated data and by 22.9% compared to models incorporating TimeGAN-generated data. PCA and t-SNE analyses showed that the distribution of generated data was similar to that of simulated data.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Real-Time Forecasting Fire Temperature in Underground Utility Tunnel Based on Residual CNN-LSTM
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2024.51.2.131
Underground utility tunnels (UUTs) play major roles in sustaining the life of citizens and industries with regard to carrying electricity, telecommunication, water supply pipes. Fire is one of the most commonly common disasters in underground facilities, which can be prevented through proper management. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning model named Residual CNN-LSTM to predict fire temperatures. Scenarios of underground facility fire outbreaks were created and fire temperature data was collected using FDS software. In the experiment, we analyzed the appropriate depth of residual learning of the proposed model and compared the performance to other predictive models. The results showed that RMSE, MAE and MAPE of Residual CNN-LSTM are each 0.061529, 0.053851, 6.007076 respectively, making Residual CNN-LSTM far superior to other models in terms of its predictive performance.
Improvement Study on Active Learning-based Cross-Project Defect Prediction System
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2023.50.11.931
This study proposes a practical improvement method for an active learning-based system for cross-project defect prediction. A previous study applied active learning tech- niques to practically improve the performance of cross-project defect prediction, but it used a traditional machine learning model that used hand-made features as input for active learning target selection and defect prediction, therefore feature extraction was expensive and performance was limited. In addition, the problem of performance deviation according to the selection of the input project remained. In this study, the following methods were proposed to overcome these limitations. First, we used a deep learning model that can use the source code as an input to lower the model building cost and improve prediction performance. Second, a Bayesian convolutional neural network is applied to select an active learning target using a deep learning model. Third, instead of considering a single source project, we applied a method that automatically extracts a training data set from multiple projects. Applying the system proposed in this study to 7 open source projects improved the average prediction performance by 13.58% compared to the previous latest research.
Copy-Paste Based Image Data Augmentation Method Using
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2022.49.12.1056
In the field of computer vision, massive well-annotated image data are essential to achieve good performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. However, in real world applications, gathering massive well-annotated data is a difficult and time-consuming job. Thus, image data augmentation has been continually studied. In this paper, we proposed an image data augmentation method that could generate more diverse image data by combining generative adversarial network (GAN) and copy-paste based augmentation. The proposed method generated not pixel-level or image-level augmentation, but object-level augmentation by cutting off segmentation boundaries(mask) instead of bounding boxes. It then applyied GAN to transform objects.
Estimation of Finger Motion using Transient EMG Signals
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2022.49.2.157
In this paper, we propose a deep learning model for estimating finger movements based on EMG signals. We have also evaluated and analyzed the accuracy of the model. We have applied the U-Net structure, which is widely used in medical image analysis, to our model. In general, U-Net is mainly used for processing of two-dimensional images. However, in this paper, 8-channel one-dimensional time series EMG data is used as inputs, and information about finger movement is obtained as results. We have acquired the data set consisting of 8,000 motions, which is divided into the training and evaluation data sets. The accuracy of the prediction of our model is about 89.32%.
Detecting Design Infringement Using Multi-Modal Visual Data and Auto Encoder based on Convolutional Neural Network
Jeonggeol Kim, Jiyou Seo, Chanjae Lee, Seongmin Jo, Seungmin Kim, Seokmin Yoon, Young Yoon
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2022.49.2.137
Recently, it has become very difficult to distinguish between counterfeit products and authentic goods, and the volume of these forgeries is increasing at an alarming rate. Prompt detection of these counterfeit products is challenging since only humans can identify these forgeries through trained expertise. In this paper, given the photograph and design drawing, we use convolutional neural networks and auto-encoders to detect the possible infringement of design rights without dissembling or damaging the suspected items. We have developed an easy-to-expand system that supports the constant addition of new goods to be examined. We present the result of our system tested with a set of authentic and forged goods.
An Evaluation Method for Generalization Errors of CNN using Training Data
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2021.48.3.284
Even with high-performance CNNs, generalization errors, which are the errors on test datasets that are expected in the real world, are often high. This generalization error must be reduced so that the model can maintain its learned performance in the real world. This paper defines a response set as a neuron set that is frequently activated for each model class learned from the training dataset with high data diversity. Also, the differences in generalization errors due to the data diversity of the test dataset are considered. The difference is defined as a relative generalization error. In the current work, an evaluation method for CNN generalization error using only the training dataset is proposed by using the relationship between the CNN class response set and the relative generalization error. The case study confirms that the response set ratio is related to the relative generalization error and demonstrates the effectiveness of the evaluation method for generalization errors of CNN using training data.
The Method Using Reduced Classification Models for Distributed Processing of CNN Models in Multiple Edge Devices
Junyoung Kim, Jongho Jeon, Minkwan Kee, Gi-Ho Park
http://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2020.47.8.787
Recently, there have been increasing demands for edge computing that processes data at the end of the network wherein data is collected because of various problems such as network load caused by a large amount of data transfer to a cloud server. However, it is difficult for edge devices to use deep learning applications used in cloud servers because most edge devices at the end of the network have limited performance. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a distributed processing method that uses reduced classification models to jointly perform inferences on multiple edge devices. The reduced classification models have compressed model weights, and perform inferences for some parts of the total classification labels. The experimental results confirmed that the accuracy of the result of the proposed distributed processing method is similar to the accuracy of the result of the original model, even if the proposed reduced classification models had much less parameters than those of the original model.
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